Some of the first engines relied on a simple fuel drip, but better ways of introducing fuel into the cylinder would eventually come along. Early carburetors relied on air flowing over liquid fuel or a wick, gathering fuel vapors for ignition. Later versions would utilize the Bernoulli principle to better meter the amount of fuel going into the cylinders, that is, the air flowing through a venturi would deliver fuel in proportion to the amount of air going into the intake. By the time the last carbureted vehicles in the US died out, in the early s, fuel injection was already in full force.
Fuel injection as we know it actually has its roots as far back as the first engines, back in the s; however, its complexity prevented it from being utilized on any scale until the s, and it was still limited to compression-ignition diesel engines.
Later, in the mids fuel injection systems would appear on both diesel and gasoline engines, in both mechanical and electronic versions. The first electronic fuel injection systems, using a throttle-body injector, simply replaced the carburetor.
Port fuel injection placed individual fuel injectors closer to each intake valve, which powers the majority of modern automobiles. Later, similar to diesel engines, some gasoline engines would be fitted with direct fuel injection, which puts fuel directly into the cylinder. Throttle body injection consists of an electrically controlled fuel injector placed above the throttle valve that sprays fuel into the throttle body.
Fuel pressure is created by an electronic fuel pump and pressure is controlled by a regulator. Fuel entered inside the engine when the engine- computer energizes the injectors, this all occurs in a rapid series of short bursts rather than a continuous stream; it provides better atomization and does not have a troublesome choke mechanism. Multipoint fuel injection system have a separate fuel injector for each cylinder. It provides further precision by varying the fuel quantity and injection timing by governing each injector separately.
It is thereby improves the performance by controlling the emissions. Since only the air flows through the intake manifold and the intake manifold remains dry that is why there are no problems with fuel pudding when the engine is cold and fuel separation which cause fuel mixtures in the center and end cylinders. Direct fuel injector system is a separate injector which is used for each cylinder but the injectors are relocated on the engine for spraying fuel directly into the combustion chamber other than the intake port.
It uses the injector to spray the fuel at a very high pressure directly into the chamber of combustion. The mixing of air and fuel inside the combustion chamber rather than in the inlet manifold. Carburetors stay longer than fuel injection systems that favors the motor sports while EFI is much expensive than the carburetor. They both feed fuel and mixture inside the engine; these are used to maintain fuel economy.
In order to keep up with emissions and fuel efficiency laws, the fuel system used in modern cars has changed a lot over the years. But fuel injection has been around since s, and electronic fuel injection was used widely on European cars starting around , now all non electric cars sold in the United States have fuel injection system.
Carburetor is a history that once used to serve the supply source of fuel for the engines but due to its complications it was needed to be replaced. Carburetors were the most common fuel delivery method until the advent of the fuel injection system in the late s.
An electronic fuel injection consists of an array of fuel injectors, oxygen sensor and an electric fuel pump with a pressure regulator. A computer takes control of how much fuel is to be delivered to the cylinders, which is how fuel-injected vehicles perform better and return better fuel mileage.
Although they serve the same purpose, a fuel injection system works very differently than a carburetor. It uses a pump to deliver fuel to the engine. There is a fuel injector at each of the cylinders spraying fuel at the intake manifold. The fuel entering the engine is atomised and vaporised for better ignition.
The first fuel injection system was developed by Herbert Akroyd Stuart. He used a Jerk Pump which pressurised the fuel at the end. His invention was later commercialised in diesel engines by Bosch and Cummins. Fuel injection has always been used in diesel engines by design and was standard fitment on all diesel vehicles by the mids. But, i t was the Hasselman engine, invented by Jonas Hasselman in , that the first modern fuel injection found use in a petrol engine. The carburettor was phased out the automotive industry by the s, with fuel injection taking place and gaining prominence.
The carburettor had many setbacks, to start with a carburettor cannot be used in diesel vehicles. Fuel injection, on the other hand, is available for both diesel and petrol vehicle in electronic and mechanical variation. A fuel injection system with an electronically controlled fuel induction can constantly tweak the fuel delivery to the cylinders delivering better performance.
A carburetor is unable to measure the correct air-fuel ratio and struggles with changing air pressure and fuel temperature. A fuel injection system precisely delivers fuel in the right amount and can tweak it according to several parameters resulting is less fuel wastage and better fuel efficiency. A carburettor is unable to adjust the fuel ratio according to the engine conditions. The only parameter where a carburettor trumps over fuel injection. Carburettors are pretty simple to clean and rebuild.
Fixing a fuel injection system requires professional intervention or even an expensive replacement. Do some more research on the inventor of carburettor.
Read the Wikipedia article on Donat Banki who actually invented the carburettor.
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